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When to Go to the Emergency Room for a Seizure: A Guide for the General Public

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What Is a Seizure?

A seizure happens when there is a sudden burst of electrical activity in the brain. This can cause changes in movement, behavior, or awareness. Many people may have only one seizure in their life. However, some people have repeated seizures, which is called epilepsy. According to the CDC, about 1 in 26 people in the United States will develop epilepsy at some point.

Common Symptoms and Types of Seizures

Seizures can look different from person to person. For example, some people may shake all over, while others may just stare blankly. Here are some common symptoms:

  • Uncontrollable shaking or jerking of the body
  • Staring into space and not responding
  • Sudden confusion or trouble speaking
  • Falling down without warning
  • Muscle stiffness or twitching
  • Lip smacking or repeated movements

    • There are two main types of seizures:

  • Generalized seizures: Affect both sides of the brain. These often cause loss of awareness and shaking.
  • Focal seizures: Affect one part of the brain. These may cause strange feelings or movements in one part of the body.

    • Warning Signs That Require Emergency Care

    Sometimes, a seizure can be a medical emergency. But how do you know when to go to the ER for a seizure? Look for these warning signs:

  • The seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes
  • Another seizure starts soon after the first
  • The person does not wake up or return to normal
  • Breathing or color does not return to normal after the seizure
  • The person is injured, pregnant, or has diabetes
  • This is the first seizure the person has ever had
  • The seizure happens in water

    • If you see any of these signs, call 911 or go to the emergency room right away.

    Step-by-Step Guide: When to Go to the ER for a Seizure

    Knowing when to seek emergency help is important. Here is a simple guide:

  • If the seizure lasts more than 5 minutes, call 911.
  • If the person has trouble breathing or does not wake up, seek help.
  • If another seizure starts right after the first, go to the ER.
  • If the person is hurt, pregnant, or has other health problems, get emergency care.
  • If this is the first seizure, do not wait. Go to the ER.

    • Even if you are unsure, it is better to be safe and get medical help.

    What to Expect at the Emergency Room

    When you arrive at the emergency room for a seizure, doctors will check vital signs first. Next, they may ask about the seizure and medical history. Sometimes, tests like blood work or a brain scan (CT or MRI) are needed. Doctors may give medicine to stop or prevent more seizures. After treatment, they will explain what to do next. If needed, they may refer you to a specialist for further care.

    First Aid Tips for Seizures

    While waiting for help, you can take steps to keep the person safe. Here are some first aid tips:

  • Stay calm and keep others calm too
  • Move sharp or hard objects away from the person
  • Gently turn the person onto their side if possible
  • Place something soft under their head
  • Do not put anything in their mouth
  • Do not try to hold them down
  • Time the seizure if you can
  • Stay with the person until they are fully alert

    • For more details, you can visit the CDC’s seizure first aid page.

    Prevention and Lifestyle Advice for People with Seizures

    Although not all seizures can be prevented, some steps may help lower the risk. For instance, taking medicine as prescribed is very important. Here are more tips:

  • Get enough sleep every night
  • Avoid skipping meals
  • Limit alcohol and avoid illegal drugs
  • Manage stress with healthy habits
  • Wear a medical alert bracelet if you have epilepsy
  • Let friends and family know what to do if you have a seizure

    • Always talk to your doctor before making changes to your treatment plan.

    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

    Can a seizure be life-threatening?

    Most seizures are not life-threatening. However, some can cause serious problems if they last too long or happen in dangerous places, like water or while driving.

    Should I call 911 for every seizure?

    No, not every seizure needs emergency care. But you should call 911 if the seizure lasts more than 5 minutes, if the person does not wake up, or if it is their first seizure.

    What should I do after a seizure?

    After a seizure, help the person rest. Make sure they are safe and comfortable. If they are confused or tired, stay with them until they recover.

    Can stress cause seizures?

    Stress does not directly cause seizures, but it can make them more likely in people with epilepsy. Managing stress can help reduce the risk.

    Conclusion: When to Seek Help

    In summary, knowing when to go to the ER for a seizure can save lives. Watch for warning signs and act quickly if needed. If you or someone you know experiences a seizure, consult a healthcare professional or visit the emergency room for immediate care.